Bupivacaine
- Mechanism of Action: Onset of action is slower than lidocaine and anesthesia is long acting - 2-4 hours, extended with epinephrine for up to 7 hours.
- Advantages:
- More cardio-toxic than lidocaine, difficult to treat.
- Metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys.
- Contraindication: known hypersensitivity.