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CWC Q&A

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CWC – Questions for Discussion

Table of Contents

CWC – Questions for Discussion

Normal Infant Growth

  1. Normal Infant Growth for:
    • Head Circumference (HC):
      • 35 cm at birth
      • 47 cm at 1 year of age
    • Length/Height (H):
      • 50 cm at birth
      • 75 cm at 1 year
      • 100 cm at 4 years
    • Weight (wt.):
      • At birth: 2.5 - 4 kg
      • At 4-6 months: Birth weight doubles
      • At 1st year: Birth weight triples
      • At 2nd year: Birth weight quadruples

Developmental Milestones

At 3 Months

  • Raise head & chest while lying on stomach.

At 6 Months

  • Responds to their own names
  • Sits with & then without support on hands
  • Palmer grasp

At 1 Year

  • Walks with support
  • Uses simple gestures (e.g., shaking head to say ‘No’ or waving to say ‘BYE BYE’)
  • May speak simple words like ‘Mama & Dada’

At 2 Years

  • Walks without support
  • Uses 2-4 word sentences

At 3 Years

  • Walks up & down stairs (one foot per stair step)

At 4 Years

  • Draws circles & squares
  • Dresses & undresses without help

Red Flags in Infant Development

  • At 6 Months:
    • Not rolling
    • Not reaching for & holding toys
    • Not starting to babble
  • At 9 Months:
    • Not sitting unsupported
    • Can’t move toy from one hand to another
  • At 18 Months:
    • Not walking without support
    • No clear words
    • Not saying dada, mama, or other names
    • Not following one-step direction
  • At 2 Years:
    • Not pointing to pictures or body parts when named
    • Unable to run
    • Not using two-word phrases
  • At 3 Years:
    • Not running well or walking up or down stairs
    • Not following two-step direction

Newborn Screening

Congenital Heart Defect

  • Screening: ≥ 4 days of age or before discharge
  • Method: Pulse oximetry

Hip Dysplasia

  • Screening: Barlow and Ortolani tests
  • Explanation: The Barlow and Ortolani tests are clinical maneuvers used to screen for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants. The Barlow test involves gently adducting the hip while applying posterior pressure to see if the hip can be dislocated. The Ortolani test involves abducting the hip while applying anterior pressure to relocate a dislocated hip. These tests help identify instability or dislocation of the hip joint in newborns and young infants.

Immunization Schedule

At Birth

  • Hepatitis B (Hep B)

At 6 Months

  • Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)
  • Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)

At 9 Months

  • Measles
  • Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Varicella (MCV4)

At 1 Year

  • Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR)

At 18 Months

  • Hepatitis A (Hep A)
  • Varicella Certainly! Below are some general contraindications to vaccines. It’s important to note that specific vaccines may have additional or different contraindications, so it’s always best to consult healthcare professionals or official guidelines for the most accurate and personalized information.

General Contraindications to Vaccines:

  1. Severe Allergic Reaction (Anaphylaxis):

    • A history of a severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to a previous dose of a vaccine or to a component of the vaccine is a contraindication for further doses.

  2. Severe Immunodeficiency:

    • Live vaccines (e.g., MMR, varicella) are generally contraindicated in individuals with severe immunodeficiency due to conditions like HIV/AIDS, cancer, or those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.

  3. Pregnancy:

    • Live vaccines are typically contraindicated during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus.

  4. Moderate or Severe Acute Illness:

    • Vaccination should be postponed in individuals with moderate or severe acute illness until they have recovered.

  5. History of Vaccine-Specific Contraindications:

    • Some vaccines have specific contraindications based on medical history or conditions, such as a history of intussusception for the rotavirus vaccine.

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