1- Bulbar Conjunctiva: (Covers the sclera) 2- Palpebral Conjunctiva: (Lines the inner surface of the eyelids) 3- Conjunctival Fornix: (The junction/fold between the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva)
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Young male after gym training discovered redness in eye.
Causes:
- Truama,
- Spontaneously (rupture due severe cough, constipation, lifting heavy objects)
- Systemic Hypertension
- Coagulation diseases
Treament:
- No specific treatment only assurance to patient, leave the hemorrhage would resolve its own in two weeks
- ask for medical assessment for hypertension, liver diseases
its never IOP doesnt lead to it
SymblepharonY
Pinguecula
Cause: Hyaline degeneration of conjunctiva
Sign: Yellowish, grayish elevation near limbus never crosses cornea, usually triangular shape
Risk Factors:
- Exposure to sun rays, hot weather
Treatment:
- Assurance
- Lubricants
- Decrease exposure to sun rays with sunglasses
Pterygium (wing)
Cause: Fibrovascular growth of conjunctiva, triangular shape near limbus, and creeps may crosses cornea
Risk Factors:
- workers, farmers
Treatment:
- Assurance
- Lubricants
- Decrease exposure to sun rays with sunglasses
- If it crosses to the cornea, Surgical removal is indicated (cosmetic and effects vision by covering pupil or compression may result in astigmatism)
Pterygium (recurrent)
Bitot’s spotY
Foamy surface with chalky avascular appearance
Conjunctiva navusY
Conj. cystY
Conj. follicles
Conj. papillae
Giant (cobblestone) papillae
Diagnosis: Giant palpebral conjunctivitis What is the cause: Wearing contact lens, - Chronic allergy
Conj. ScarringY
Corneal pannusY
Herbert pits
Conjunctivitis
- Viral; LN
- Allergic; Itching
Neonatal Conjunctivitis
Cause:
- Neisseria gonorrhea
- Chlamydia
Treatment:
- Before starting, child’s conjunctiva swab, mother’s cervical, and vaginal
- Eye lid hygiene
- Topical & Systemic antibiotics
Scleritis.Y
Episcleritis.Y
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Iritis
Uveitis
- Inflammation of the uveal tissue (iris, ciliary body, or choroid), retina, blood vessels, optic disc, and vitreous can be involved.
Etiology; Bilateral
- Idiopathic 90%
- Inflammatory diseases
- HLA B27, Ankylosing spondylitis, IBD; UC, Reiter’s syndrome, Psoriatic arthritis
- Sarcoidosis, Behcet’s, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada SyndromeZ
- Infectious
- Herpes virus
- Toxoplasmosis
- Tuberculosis
- Syphilis
Management
- Identify possible cause
- Topical steroid; muscle relaxant
- Topical cycloplegic; ciliary spasm
- Systemic immunosuppressive medication
- Steroid
- Cyclosporine
- Methotrexate
- Azathioprine
- Cyclophosphamide
- Immunomodulating agents ±
- Infliximab (Anti-TNF)