Inspection
- Visual Acuity
- Refraction
- Intraocular pressure
- Alignment & Motility
- Pupillary Response
- Fundoscopic Exam
- Visual Fields
Inspection (External Appearance)
- Inspects external ocular (eye) structures (lids, conjunctiva, iris, cornea, pupils)
- Gently moves eyelids up and down to obtain a better view
Important Landmarks of the External Eye
Structures to Inspect
- Position and alignment of eyes
- Orbit
- Eyelids & Eyebrows
- Lacrimal Apparatus
- Conjunctiva, sclera, cornea
Facilitate Visualization
- Move lower lid down, ask pt to look up
- Move upper lid up, ask pt to look down
- Compare symmetry, use your ruler
Blepharitis
Chalazion
Ectropion
Entropion
Ptosis
- 3yrs
Dermatochalasis
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Pre-Septal Cellulitis
Exophthalmos
Proptosis
Thyroid
Exophthalmos
Thyroid Eye Disease Exopthalmos
Inspecting the Anterior Structures
Using Ophthalmoscope
- Rotate the lens progressively towards the positive diopters to around +10 to +12 to visualize the anterior aspects of the eye
Using Slit Lamp (Biomicroscopy)
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Magnification may be changed by
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Changing filters. Biomicroscope
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Microscope and light source rotate independently
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Patient positioning
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Alignment mark
- Interior Segment: Anterior segment
- Magnification
- Lens
