Uveitis

  • Inflammation of the uveal tissue (iris, ciliary body, or choroid), retina, blood vessels, optic disc, and vitreous can be involved.

Etiology; Bilateral

  • Idiopathic 90%
  • Inflammatory diseases
    • HLA B27, Ankylosing spondylitis, IBD; UC, Reiter’s syndrome, Psoriatic arthritis
    • Sarcoidosis, Behcet’s, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada SyndromeZ
  • Infectious
    • Herpes virus
    • Toxoplasmosis
    • Tuberculosis
    • Syphilis

Management

  • Identify possible cause
  • Topical steroid; muscle relaxant
  • Topical cycloplegic; ciliary spasm
  • Systemic immunosuppressive medication
    • Steroid
    • Cyclosporine
    • Methotrexate
    • Azathioprine
    • Cyclophosphamide
  • Immunomodulating agents ±
    • Infliximab (Anti-TNF)