Gynecology Terminology

Gynaecology Terminology

Category	Term	Definition
Menstruation	Amenorrhea	Absence or cessation of menstruation.
	Oligomenorrhea	Infrequent menstrual periods (>35 days).
	Polymenorrhea	Menstrual cycle shorter than 21 days.
	Menorrhagia	Excessive bleeding during the menstrual cycle.
	Scanty menorrhea (hypomenorrhoea)	Extremely light menstrual blood flow.
	Metrorrhagia	Irregularly frequent periods.
	Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)	Irregular uterine bleeding without underlying pathology.
	Intermenstrual bleeding (IMB)	Vaginal bleeding between menstrual cycles.
	Post-coital bleeding	Vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse.
Pain	Dysmenorrhea	Pain associated with menstruation.
	Dyspareunia	Pain during intercourse.
Cycle	Menarche	First menstrual cycle.
	Katamina (Kata)	Duration of bleeding/time between cycles (e.g., 5/28).
	Menopause	Permanent cessation of menstruation.
	Perimenopause	Phase prior to the onset of menopause.
Tumors	Dysplasia	The growth of abnormal cells.
	Precancerous condition	May or may not develop into cancer.
Syndromes	Asherman’s syndrome	Scar tissue or adhesions form in the uterus.
	Sheehan syndrome	Pituitary infarction due to massive obstetrical haemorrhage.
Fertility	Infertility	Inability to conceive naturally after one year of trying.
	Subfertility	Delay in conceiving.
Genital Tract	Cervicitis	Inflammation of the cervix.
	Endometritis	Inflammation of the endometrium.
	Salpingitis	Inflammation of the fallopian tube.
	Oophoritis	Inflammation of the ovary.

Contraception Methods

Method
Condom
Female condom
Oral contraception
Hormonal ring
UID
Contraceptive injection
Surgical sterilization
Implant
Coitus interruptus
Calendar rhythm method
Vaginal douche
Contraceptive patch
Diaphragm / cap

Obstetrics Terminology

Category	Term	Definition
Gravidity & Parity	Gravida	Total number of confirmed pregnancies, regardless of outcome.
	Nulligravida	A woman who has never been pregnant.
	Primigravida	A woman pregnant for the first time.
	Multigravida	A woman who has been pregnant more than once.
	Para	Number of births at a gestational age of 24 weeks or more.
	Nulliparous	A woman who has not given birth previously.
	Primipara	A woman who has given birth once.
	Multipara	A woman who has given birth more than once.
	Grand multipara	A woman who has delivered five or more infants (≥24 weeks).
Baby’s Loss	Abortion	Termination of a pregnancy before viability.
	Miscarriage	Spontaneous expulsion of a fetus before 24 weeks of gestation.
	Induced Abortion	Medically induced termination of a pregnancy.
	Stillbirth	A baby delivered with no signs of life after 24 weeks of pregnancy.
	Intrauterine Fetal Death (IUFD)	Fetal death in the uterus.
	Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR)	A baby with a lower weight than expected for the gestational age.
Key Anatomical & Physiological Terms	Gestation	Period of development of the baby from fertilization to birth.
	Parturition (labour)	The birth process.
	Amnion	Inner membrane & fluid surrounding the fetus.
	Chorion	The outermost fetal membrane.
	Polyhydramnios	Excessive amniotic fluid.
	Oligohydramnios	Reduced amniotic fluid.
Pregnancy Timeline	Antepartum	Before birth.
	Intrapartum	During labor.
	Postpartum	After birth.
Perinatal Care Terminology	Antenatal (prenatal)	During pregnancy.
	Postnatal care	After pregnancy (refers to the baby).
	Puerperium	The period immediately after delivery, continuing up to 6 weeks.
Other	Hyperemesis Gravidarum	Excessive nausea & vomiting of pregnancy.
	Quickening	The first movement of the fetus felt by the mother.

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Birth Types

Term	Definition
Preterm/Premature birth	Birth of a baby before 37 weeks of gestational age.
Term Birth	Birth of a baby between 37 and 42 weeks.
Full Term Birth	A baby born at 40 weeks.
Post Term	Birth of a baby after 42 weeks.

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Table of Contents

• TERMINOLOGY
  • Menstruation
  • pain
  • Cycle
  • Tumors
  • Contraception
  • Syndromes
  • Fertility
  • Genital tract
• Gravidity
• Parity
• Baby’s loss
• Trimester
• Pregnancy Timeline
• Perinatal Care Terminology
• Hyperemesis Gravidarum
• Birth Types
• Quickening

TERMINOLOGY

Gynaecology terminology By dr Mona Ahmed Assisted professor of obs & gynae SMSB

Menstruation

• Amenorrhea: Absence or cessation of menstruation.
• Oligomenorrhea: Infrequent menstrual periods (>35 days).
• Polymenorrhea: Menstrual cycle that is shorter than 21 days.
• Menorrhagia: Excessive bleeding during the menstrual cycle.
• Scanty menorrhea (hypomenorrhoea): extremely light menstrual blood flow

• Metrorrhagia: Irregularly frequent periods.
• Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB): Irregular uterine bleeding that occurs in absence of pathology or medical illness.
• Intermenstrual bleeding (IMB): Vaginal bleeding between menstrual cycles.
• Post coital bleeding: Vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding Cycle 1

• Heavy bleeding
• Spotting Cycle 2
• Bleeding
• Spotting
• Lining building up Cycle 3
• Heavy bleeding
• Spotting

pain

• Dysmenorrhea: Pain associated with menstruation.
• Dyspareunia: Pain during intercourse.

Cycle

• Menarche: First menstrual cycle.
• Katamina (Kata): Duration of bleeding/time between cycle & cycle (eg 5/28).
• Menopause: permanent cessation of menstruation.
• Perimenopause: phase prior to the onset of menopause.

Tumors

• Dysplasia: The growth of abnormal cells.
• Precancerous condition: May or may not develop into cancer.

Contraception

Birth control methods.

Contraception methods

• Condom
• Female condom
• Oral contraception
• Hormonal ring
• UID
• Contraceptive injection
• Surgical sterilization
• Implant
• Coitus interruptus
• Calendar rhythm method
• Vaginal douche
• Contraceptive patch
• Diaphragm / cap

Syndromes

• Asherman’s syndrome: scar tissue or adhesions form in the uterus

  • Normal uterus
  • Asherman’s syndrome

• Sheehan syndrome: Pituitary infarction due to massive obstetrical haemorrhage.

  • Hypothalamus
  • Pituitary © MAYO FOUNDATION FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

Fertility

• Infertility: Inability to conceive naturally after one year of trying.
• Subfertility: Is delay in conceiving.

Genital tract

• Cervicitis: Inflammation of the cervix.
• Endometritis: Inflammation of the endometrium.
• Salpingitis: Inflammation of fallopian tube.
• Oophoritis: Inflammation of the ovary.

Gravidity

Gravida: Total number of confirmed pregnancies regardless of the outcome . (times of pregnancy) ✓ a current pregnancy is included in this count. ✓ Multiple pregnancy is counted as one

Gravidity Types

• Nulligravida
• Primigravida
• Multigravida

Nulligravida

A woman who has never been pregnant.

Primigravida

A “Primigravida” is a woman who is pregnant for the first time PG

Multigravida

A “Multigravida” is a woman who has been pregnant more than one time

Parity

Para: Number of times that she has given birth to a fetus with a gestational age of 24 weeks or more(times of deliveries)

Total number of pregnancies that delivered after 24 weeks (including stillbirths).

Parity types

• Nulliparous
• Primipara
• Multipara
• grand multipara

Nulliparous

a woman who has not given birth previously.

Primipara

Is a woman who has been given birth once.

Multipara

Is a woman who has been given birth more than once.

Grand multipara

A woman who has delivered five or more infants (24 weeks or more).

Example

G 5 P 4 Means She is pregnant for 5 times : one is current pregnancy so she delivered 4 times .

G 5 P3 + 1 Means she is pregnant for 5 times : One is current pregnancy & she delivered 3 times & has one loss.

losses means: miscarriages , ectopic pregnancy & molar pregnancy (mention them in details).

Baby’s loss

• Abortion: Termination of a pregnancy before viability.
• Miscarriage: Spontaneous expulsion of a human fetus before 24weeks of gestation. (without any medical intervention).
• Induced Abortion: An abortion that is the result of any procedure done by a licensed physician. NOTICE

Criminal abortion Any abortion that is the result of any procedure done by unlicensed physician.

• Stillbirth: Stillbirth as ‘a baby delivered with no signs of life after 24 weeks of pregnancy’.

• Intrauterine Fetal Death (IUFD): Babies with no signs of life in uter

INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDED (IUGR): Baby with lower weight than gestational ag

Key Anatomical & Physiological Terms

• Gestation: Period of development of the baby from fertilization to birth.

• Parturition(labour): the birth process.

• Amnion:- Inner membrane & fluid surrounding the fetus.
• Chorion: the outer most foetal membrane
• Polyhydramnios: Excessive amniotic fluid.
• Oligohydramnios: Reduce amniotic fluid.

Trimester

Means “3 months”.

• A normal pregnancy lasts about 9 months and has 3 trimesters
  • 1st 0-13 weeks
  • 2nd 14-26 weeks.
  • 3rd 27-40 weeks

Pregnancy Timeline

• Ante-partum: Before birth.
• Intrapartum: During labor.
• Postpartum: After birth.

Perinatal Care Terminology

• Antenatal (prenatal): During pregnancy
• postnatal care: After pregnancy (refers to baby)
• Puerperium: the period immediately after delivery continuing up to 6weeks.

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Excessive nausea & vomiting of pregnancy.

Associated with:

• Dehydration
• Electrolytes imbalance
• Ketonuria.

Other name Nausea & vomiting of pregnancy (NVP).

Birth Types

• Preterm/Premature birth: Birth of a baby at before 37 weeks of gestational age.
• Term Birth: Birth of baby between 37 weeks & 42weeks .
• Full Term Birth: A baby born at 40 weeks.
• Post Term: Birth of a baby after 42 weeks .

Quickening

first movement of the foetus felt by the mother in pregnancy

A 34 years old lady came pregnant in her 10th weeks. her past obstetrical history is as follow: she delivered vaginally a male 9 YS a/w. Then male of 7 ys a/w Then miscarriage at 8 weeks. Then twins vaginal delivery, two females 4 ys a/w Then miscarriage at 9 weeks. Then preterm baby at 32 weeks was still birth Then current pregnancy. She is:

A. G 8 P 5 +2 B. G 7 P4+ 2 C. G 7 P 5+2 D. G 8 P4+3

Pregnancy Event	Gravida (G)	Para (P)	Losses
Male, 9 years old	1	1	0
Male, 7 years old	1	1	0
Miscarriage at 8 weeks	1	0	1
Twins, 4 years old (counts as one pregnancy/birth)	1	1	0
Miscarriage at 9 weeks	1	0	1
Preterm stillbirth at 32 weeks (counts as Para because >24 weeks)	1	1	0
Current Pregnancy	1	0	0
Total	G 7	P 4	2