Spine Examination
- Perform a general spinal examination.
| Item | Procedure |
|---|---|
| Opening | • Introduction, Privacy, Permission & Exposure . |
| Look | • General Position & Deformity • Skin, Muscles, and bony landmarks • Shoulder height from back • front, back, side: Standing OR Sitting . |
| Feel | • Tenderness, Temperature • Landmarks and muscles (central and paraspinal) • Sacro-iliac joints / Coccyx . |
| Move | • Forward flexion / Backward extension • R and L lateral flexion • R and L rotation . |
| Special Test (Ask to perform it & interpretation) | • Hoffmann’s sign: sitting • Spurling’s test: sitting |
| • Adam Foreword test: standing | |
| • Straight Leg Raise test: supine • SLR Confirmatory test | |
| • Patrick / FABER test: supine | |
| • Femoral Stretch test: lateral or prone | |
| General | • Attitude towards patient |