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Introduction to ORTH536 Course Orthopaedics

Oct 09, 20256 min read

ORTH536

Introduction to Orthopedics

Introduction to The Course

Moaath A. Alamir, MBBS, SB-Orth
masoa86@gmail.com

What is Orthopedic Surgery ?

  • Derived from the Greek word
    • Orthos: straight, free from deformity
    • Paidon: child
  • In 1741, Dr. Nicholas Andry published Orthopedie
    • the Art of Correcting and Preventing Deformities in Children.
  • Straight stake tied to a crooked sapling

Saudi Orthopedic Association Logo Evolution

What is Orthopedic Surgery ?

Welcome to the Division of ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY

Branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system using both surgical and non-surgical means of management.

Who Do We Treat?

Subspecialties ??!!

  • I have a fracture
  • I need to fix it

Subspecialties ??!!

#VID

Subspecialties ??!!

VID

  • Foot & Ankle
  • Arthroplasty
  • Pediatric
  • Sport
  • Spine
  • Trauma
  • Upper Limb
  • Oncology

Trauma

Pediatric Orthopedic

Arthroplasty

Spine Surgery

Sport Surgery

Foot & Ankle

Oncology

Basic Anatomy of Bone

  • Periosteum
  • Endosteum
  • Cortex
    • Cortical bone
  • Medulla
    • Cancellous bone

Basic Anatomy of Bone

  • Epiphysis
  • physeal plates(child)
  • Diaphysis
  • Metaphysis

Bone components

A: Matrix:

  • Inorganic (Minerals): (60%)
    • Ca hydroxyapetite, Ca phosphate
  • Organic: (40% of dry weight)
    • Collagen fibers
    • Cells

B: Cells:

  • Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes
  • Osteon:
    • a unit, not a cell

Basic Anatomy of Joints

  • Types:
    • Fibrous (slight movement)
      • Tibio-fibular Syndesmosis
    • Cartilaginous (some movement)
      • Symphysis pubis, Intervertebral disk
    • Synovial (more movement)
      • Elbow, Hip, Knee

Types of Synovial Joints

  • Plane / Gliding( ACJ)

    • Vertebrae

  • Saddle(CMC )

    • Carpal bone (trapezium)
    • Proximal metacarpal bone of thumb

  • Hinge(knee)

    • Humerus
    • Ulna

Types of Synovial Joints

  • Pivot(atlas-axis)

    • Radius
    • Ulna

  • Ball & Socket(hip)

    • Scapula
    • Humerus

  • Ellipsoid(MTP,MCP)

    • Occipital condyle of skull
    • Superior articular facet of first vertebra

Divisions in Orthopedics

  • Arthroplasty (joint replacement)
  • Arthroscopy &sports
  • Foot & ankle
  • Hand (Upper limb)
  • Oncology
  • Pediatric orthopedics
  • Spine
  • Trauma

Structures affected

  • Bones
  • Joints
  • Muscles
  • Nerves
  • Tendons

Diseases

  • Congenital
  • Developmental
  • Infections / Inflammations
  • Metabolic
  • Tumors / tumor-like
  • Neuromuscular
  • Traumatic

Descriptive terms

  • Proximal / Distal

  • Medial (Ulnar in forearm & hand) / Lateral (Radial in forearm & hand)

  • Anterior( hand: Palmar), ( foot: Plantar), (hand & foot: Volar)/ Posterior= Dorsal

  • Hallux: Big toe

  • Genu: Knee

  • Coxa: Hip

  • Cubitus: Elbow

  • Pes: Foot

  • Pullicis: Thumb

  • Indecis: Index

  • Capital: Head

Descriptive terms

  • Valgus: away from midline
  • Varus: towards midline

Describing position of distal part in relation to proximal part

Tilting vs. angulation

  • Tilting:

    • Describes position of distal fragment in relation to proximal

  • Angulation:

    • Describes position of apex of angulation

Courses in Your Level

CodeCourse NameWeeksCredit Hrs.
ORTH536Orthopedics64
GYN535Obstetrics & Gynecology66
EMR539Emergency64
FRNS537Forensic Medicine153

Forensic time will change with each course

  • with ORTH: Tuesday 8-10

ORTH536 - Objectives

Knowledge of common orthopedic diseases & musculoskeletal injuries (traumatology) 1.1 Describe the etiology, pathogenesis & clinical presentation 1.2 Describe the management, prognosis & complications

Cognitive Skills of common orthopedic diseases & musculoskeletal injuries (traumatology)

  1. 2.1 Analyze clinical data gathered from history, physical examination & diagnostic investigations to formulate differential diagnosis
  2. 2.2 Demonstrate the ability to make clinical judgement & construct appropriate immediate & long-term management plans by adopting strategies of Evidence-Based practice.
  3. 2.3 Differentiate life-threatening & organ-threatening conditions & propose an acute management plan

Interpersonal Skills & Responsibility

  1. 3.1 Demonstrate ability to accurately convey relevant explanations & information to colleagues & other professionals to develop a share plan of patient’s care
  2. 3.2 Demonstrate professional attitude & follow ethical principles including respect for physicians & health workers & patients’ confidentialities

Communication, Information Technology & Numerical

  1. 4.1 Communicate effectively with patients & their families
  2. 4.2 Demonstrate the ability to present a case using IT techniques & proper communication skills

Psychomotor

  1. Demonstrate the ability to perform a proper history taking & physical examination, following high ethical standards
  2. Demonstrate the ability to perform basic diagnostic & treatment procedures correctly

Orthopaedics Course Overview

Summary - Objectives

The Orthopaedics course aims to achieve several key objectives:

  • History: Understand the historical context and development of orthopaedic practices.
  • Clinical examination: Develop skills in conducting thorough clinical examinations.
  • Investigations: Learn about various investigative techniques used in orthopaedics.
  • Principles of management: Understand the principles guiding the management of orthopaedic conditions.
  • Identify major life-threatening & limb-threatening emergencies: Recognize and manage emergencies in orthopaedics and trauma.
  • Perform basic skills properly and safely: Acquire the necessary skills to perform basic orthopaedic procedures safely.
  • Maintain high ethical and professional standards: Uphold ethical and professional standards in practice.

Time Frame – Six Weeks

The course is structured over six weeks as follows:

  • First week: Theoretical knowledge and tutorials.
  • 4 weeks clinical rotation in hospitals:
    • Outpatient, inpatient, operating room, cast room, ER.
    • Includes 3 days/week in the college for lectures, tutorials, practicing history taking, clinical examination, and case scenarios for management.
  • Week 5: Case presentations by students.
  • Week 6: Assessment through MCQ, Slide show, Clinical Scenarios, and Clinical Exam.

Assessment

The assessment is divided into two components:

Written Assessment (30%)

  • 50 MCQs.
  • Mid-Block Exam in Week 3:
    • 20 questions (12 marks).
    • Covers lectures as per the blueprint.
  • Final Exam:
    • 30 questions (18 marks).
    • Covers all lectures.

Clinical Assessment (70%)

  • Covers all topics in the course.
  • Case presentation: One case (10 marks) in Week 5.
  • Slide show: 15 slides (35 marks).
  • Clinical Case scenario: One case (5 marks).
  • History taking: One case (5 marks).
  • Clinical/Skill examination: Two joints/one skill (15 marks).

Attendance

  • Attendance will be taken for all sessions.
  • Lectures/Tutorials in the college: Register closed after 15 minutes.
  • Hospital training (AM/PM): Attendance will be recorded.
  • Use only ONE signature.
  • Absence >25% = Denial of participation.

Program Structure

The program consists of several components, including:

  • Clinical in hospital: Represented in blue text.
  • Lectures: Represented in green text.
  • Skill Tutorials: Represented in blue text.
  • Clinical Tutorials: Represented in blue text.
  • Discussion of recorded Lecture: Represented in green text and positioned to the right of the table.
  • Exams: Represented in red text.

Optional Activities

  • Mondays in hospital alternative:

    • Operation Room (Prof. Mamoun, Dallah Hospital).
    • 4 students each (16 students total).

  • Optional extra on Saturdays:

    • Clinic (Prof. Mamoun, Dallah Hospital).
    • 2 students each (8 students total).

List arranged through students’ group leader.

References

The following textbooks are recommended:

  • Apley and Solomon’s Concise System of Orthopaedics and Trauma.
  • Clinical Orthopedic Examination. Ronald McRae.
  • Netter’s Orthopaedic Clinical Examination. An Evidence-Based Approach, 2e (Netter Clinical Science).

E-learning Management System

  • All presentations & course material can be downloaded.
  • All correspondence, Announcements, Changes, Interactions are managed through the system.
  • All correspondence using the Al-Maarefa e-mail: 123456789@student.mcst.edu.sa.

Sincere Personal Advice

  • Take notes in all sessions.
  • Print material (Lectures/Tutorials) before the teaching session and add notes.
  • Read from books, your notes, and slides.
  • Read regularly according to teaching topics and cases seen in the hospital.
  • Read before/after lecture/session; ideally, the same day.

Course Summary

  • The Orthopedic course is interesting and logical.
  • It is related to Anatomy and mechanics.
  • Covers all types of diseases and injuries affecting bones and joints.
  • Uses special descriptive terms.

Contact Information

Personal phone number: 0561993366.

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