BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:
- HYPERGLYCEMIA CAUSES GLUCOSURIA (if above 180 mg/dl) DUE TO GLUCOSURIA, OSMOTIC DIURESIS OCCURS WITH PASSNG OF LARGE AMOUNTS OF URINE (POLYURIA), ACCORDINGLY, PATIENT DRINKS BIG AMOUNTS OF WATER (POLYDEPSIA)
- MUSCLES & ADIPOSE TISSUE CANNOT UTILIZE GLUCOSE. ACCORDINGLY, PATIENT LOOSES WEIGHT WITH MUSCLE WASTING & FATIGUE
- HE FEELS HUGER MOST OF THE TIME WITH EXCESSIVE EATING (POLYPHAGIA)
- INCREASED GLUCOSE IN BRAIN & RETINA & EYE CAUSES CONFUSION & BLURRING OF VISION SUMMARY OF COMMON CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS of DM Age: usually below 20 years in type 1 DM & over 35 years in type 2 DM ONSET: rapid marked symptoms in type 1 DM & gradually in type 2 DM (milder) Cardinal 3 Ps: Polyuria (frequent urination) Polydepsia (excessive thirst) Polyphagia (excessive eating) Fatigue & Confusion & Blurring of vision Weight loss & muscle wasting (esp. in type 1 ) Patient may present for the first time with complications of DM as: