Vitamins (Fat Soluble)
| Vitamin | SourcesY | Functions | Deficiency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin A | Liver, milk, eggs, green and yellow vegetables, fruits. | Epithelial cell integrity; vision | Night blindness, xerophthalmia, Bitot spots, follicular hyperkeratosis |
| Vitamin K | Liver, green vegetables; made by intestinal floraZ | Post-translation carboxylation of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X (1972) | Prolonged prothrombin time; hemorrhage; elevated protein induced in vitamin K absence (PIVKA) - birth at home |
Vitamins (Water Soluble)
| Vitamin | SourcesY | Functions | Deficiency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Riboflavin (Vit B2) | Milk, cheese, liver, meat, eggs, whole grains, green leafy vegetablesY | Cellular oxidation, FAD coenzyme in oxidation-reduction reactions | Mucositis, anemia, angular cheilitis, nasolabial seborrhea |
| Niacin (B3) | Meat, fish, liver, whole grains, green leafy vegetables | Metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and proteins. Normal functioning of skin, intestine, nervous system | Pellagra: 3Ds: dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea |
| Pyridoxine (Vit B6)Y | Meat, liver, whole grains, peanuts, soybeans | Metabolism of amino acids fat, carbohydrates | Peripheral neuritis |
| Ascorbic acid (C) | Citrus fruits, green vegetables; cooking destroys it | Reducing agent; collagen metabolism | Scurvy: irritability, purpura, bleeding gums, periosteal hemorrhage, aching bones |
| Folate (Folacin and folic acid) | Liver, greens, vegetables, cereals, cheese Comment Goat milk deficient; drug antagonists; heat inactivates | Synthesis of the nucleic acids, Normal development of blood cells in the marrow | Megaloblastic anemia; neural tube defects - spina bifida |
| Cobalamin (B12)Y | Meat, fish, cheese, eggs Comment vegans; fish tapeworm; short gut syndrome; worms, celiac, autoimmune diseases | Synthesis of fatty acids myelin, Synthesis of DNA along with Folate | Megaloblastic anemia (Pernicious anemia), Demyelinating neurological lesions in the spinal cord, infertility |
A
K
B2
B3
B6
C
Folate
B12
