Anal Cancer
Symptoms:
-
PR Bleeding (most common symptom )
-
Change in bowel habits is present in 43% of patients;
-
Incomplete rectal emptying
-
Most of cases are sporadic
Three pathways to colon and rectal carcinoma have been described:
- Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene adenoma-carcinoma pathway
- Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) pathway
- Ulcerative colitis dysplasia
Management:
Medical therapy
Neoadjuvant
Radiation therapy
- Preop vs postop
Surgery:
- Trans-anal excision
- Abdominoperineal excision
