XI. Tumour markers:

  • Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (bHCG): < 5 mU/Ml (Testicular, gestational)

  • Alpha Fetoprotein: < 44 ng/mL (Hepatocellular)

  • Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA): < 4.0 ng/mL (Prostate)

  • Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA): (Colorectal)

    • Non-smokers at 50 years: < 3.6 μg/L
    • Non-smokers at 70 years: < 4.1 μg/L
    • Smokers: < 5 μg/L
  • CA-125: < 35 U/mL (Ovarian)

  • CA19-9: < 40 U/mL Colorectal, pancreas (monitor treatment)

  • CA 15-3 & CA 27-29 30 U/mL or less Breast (not very helpful, monitor treatment) 38 U/mL or less