Life-threatening:
tension pneumothorax, massive hemothorax, open pneumothorax, flail chest, and cardiac tamponade
- Rib fractures, sternal fracture, lung contusion, Injuries to trachea, bronchi, heart, diaphragm, esophagus, thoracic aorta
Diagnostic modalities:
CXR, ultrasonography, chest CT, esophagography, esophagoscopy, bronchoscopy, and angiography
