Retinoblastoma
- Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor of childhood.
Clinical Manifestations
- Leukocoria (60%)
- Strabismus (20%)
Other - Uveitis, Orbital cellulitis, Hyphaema, Heterochromia, Glaucoma, Bupthalmos
- Calcification is another feature of retinoblastomas, usually occurring in necrotic areas.
- Calcium stains with H&E. It is worth identifying calcium in suspect eyes by ultrasound or CT scan to differentiate retinoblastomas from other tumors.
Management
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Empirical Genetic Counselling
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Enucleation
- Unilateral, poor visual prognosis
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Plaque
- 4-12mm +/- vitreous seeding
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External Beam
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12mm, multiple foci, only eye
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Laser
- Consider - indirect, xenon arc
- Cryotherapy if <2dd in size
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Chemotherapy, if intracranial extension
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