These may be defective formation, transport, OR deposition of the sperms in the posterior fornix. The causes may affect quality or quantity of the sperm.
- Congenital: e.g., absent vas deferens, etc.
- Traumatic
- Inflammatory: e.g., prostatitis, STDs, etc.
- Neoplastic: any neoplasm destroying testicular tissues.
- Dysfunctions: e.g., premature and retrograde ejaculations, Abnormal seminal fluid or sperm motility / Immunological factors, varicocele.
- General causes: genetics, smoking, alcoholism, liver cell failure, even idiopathic.
Diagnosis
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Clinical: by history taking and examination of the husband:
- Age and Occupation (radiation or heat exposure)
- Previous marriage and if have child
- Smoking / alcohol
- History of some diseases, trauma, surgery (hernia repair or vasectomy), pelvis infections (e.g., mumps), hx chemo/radiotherapy, sexual dysfunction, etc.
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Investigations:
- C.B.C., liver function, renal function, and Semen analysis: “the most important”.
- The normal Semen analysis (after abstinence for 72 hrs) is characterized by:
- Volume: 3-6 ml “at least more than 2 ml”.
- Count: > 20 million sperms / ml.
- Normal Motility > 50%.
- Normal Morphology: > 40%.
- Other investigations and treatment: should be requested and managed by a urologist if needed.