Infertility

Table of contents

• Male Causes of Infertility

• Female Causes of Infertility

• Management of Infertile Couple

Infertility Information

Definition:

Infertility means inability to conceive despite a continuous regular intercourse for at least one year without use of any form of contraception. OR 6 months if female age 35 years or older.

Types:

• Primary: pregnancy never occurred before.
• Secondary: pregnancy occurred before even once whatever its type or mode of termination.

Requirements for Occurrence of Pregnancy

A-Female Factors

1. Normal ovary: for ovulation and production of hormones.
2. Normal patent tube: for normal transmission of the ova & fertilization.
3. Normal uterine factor: for implantation and preservation of embryo until delivery.
4. Normal cervical and vaginal factors: for ascent of sperms and sperm permeation.
5. Normal hormonal and immunological status.

B-Male Factor

Normal semen formation “in the testis”, transport “via ductal system” and deposition of sperms in the posterior fornix.

Causes of Infertility

1. Female factor: 30%:

   • Anovulation/oligoovulation
   • Uterine factors
   • Tubal disease
   • Cervical factors
   • Peritoneal factors

2. Male factor: 30%

3. Combined: 30%

4. Unexplained: 10%