Causes of Clubbing
Congenital or familial (5–10%)
Acquired
• Thoracic (~70%):
• Lung cancer
• Chronic suppurative conditions: pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, lung abscess, empyema, cystic fibrosis, Mesothelioma, Pulmonary fibrosis
• Cardiovascular: • Cyanotic congenital heart disease , Infective endocarditis, Av shunts, Atrial myxoma
•Gastrointestinal: Cirrhosis, Inflammatory bowel disease
•Others: Thyrotoxicosis (thyroid acropachy)
