Dislocations
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Dislocations caused by birth trauma are rare. In many cases, the dislocations, especially of the hip and knee, are due to intrauterine positional deformities or congenital malformations.
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The lack of ossification in neonates limits the utility of plain radiographs in diagnosing dislocations, and other modalities, such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and arthrography, may be needed.