Common Lower Limb Deformities in Children

Contents

• Angular Deformities – Genu Varus & Genu Valgus
• Rotational Deformities – In‑toeing & Out‑toeing
• Lower limb torsions

Prof. Mamoun Kremli Dr. Tarif Alakhras

---

Objectives

• Angular deformities of lower limbs
  • Bow legs
  • Knock knees
• Rotational deformities of lower limbs
  • In-toeing
  • Ex-toeing
• Feet problems

---

Summary

Angular Deformities

• Common: Genu varus (bow legs), Genu valgus (knock knees)
• Key: Differentiate between physiologic and pathologic deformities
• Management: Most are physiologic and resolve with time

Rotational Deformities

• Common: Part of normal development
• Presentation: In-toeing vs Out-toeing
• Etiology: Cause may be in femur, tibia, or foot
• Prognosis: Most improve with time
• Management: Conservative observation is usually appropriate

Key Takeaway: The vast majority of both angular and rotational deformities in children are physiologic and resolve spontaneously with growth.