Ocular Medications
Drug Delivery to Ocular Tissue
A drug can be delivered to ocular tissue as:
Locally
- Eye drop
- Ointment
- Periocular injection
- Intraocular injection
Systemically
- Orally
- IV
Measures to Increase Drop Absorption
- Wait 5-10 minutes between drops
- Keep eyelids closed for 5 minutes after instillation
Ointments
- Increase the contact time of ocular medication to ocular surface thus better effect
- It has the disadvantage of vision blurring
Intraocular Injections
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Intracameral or intravitreal:
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Intravitreal antibiotics in cases of endophthalmitis
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Intravitreal steroids in macular edema
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Intravitreal Anti-VEGF for DR or CRVO macular edema
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Macular edema
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Ocular medications
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Cholinergic Antagonists
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Adrenergic (Sympathetic) Agonists
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Muscarinic Stimulating Agents
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Beta-Blockers
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
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Osmotic Agents
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Prostaglandins analogues