Therapeutics
Synthetic PGE1 analogue (Misoprostol)
Mechanism of Action
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Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by the parietal cells due to inhibition of histamine stimulated cAMP production.
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Cytoprotective effect on gastric and duodenal mucosa with increased mucus and bicarbonate secretion
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Maintains gastric mucosal blood flow and stimulates mucosal cellular regeneration.
Uses
- Treatment of peptic ulcer
- Prevention and treatment of mucosal damage induced by NSAID.RR
Adverse Effects
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Diarrhea due to promoting secretion of fluid and electrolyte into the lumen of bowel and decreasing intestinal segmentary contractions that retard flow of luminal contents. RR
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Uterine contractions and abortion So, It is contraindicated during pregnancy
Ophthalmology
PGF2 alpha agonist
- E.g. latanoprost (Xalatan), bimatoprost (Lumigan), travoprost (Travatan)
- Uses: glaucoma
- Mechanism: increase uveoscleral aqueous outflow
- Side effects: darkening of the iris (heterochromia iridis), hyperpigmentation of periorbital and conjunctiva lengthening and thickening of eyelashes, intraocular inflammation, macular edema
Prostaglandin Analogue Contraindications
- Pregnancy (teratogenic, uterine contraction)
- Active uveitis
- Cystoid macular edema