Brief episodes of extreme or unpleasant behavior that appear disproportionate to the situation, typically in response to frustration or anger. Behaviors vary and may include whining, crying, screaming, stomping, flailing, head banging, hitting, throwing objects, and biting. Tantrums can instigate *breath-holding spells in some children. *
It is normal because of an increase in desiring independence; children are often unable to effectively communicate physical needs and emotions. Common triggers of temper tantrums include fatigue, hunger, discomfort, and frustration.
Temper tantrums usually begin around the age of 12 to 18 months, worsen until 3 years of age, and taper off as children develop increased ability to control emotions, gain independence, and communicate wants and needs. Temper that continues past the age of 4 years, lasts more than 15 minutes, or includes harming self or others, is considered abnormal.
Tantrums can be more frequent, as well as more aggressive, in children with language delays or underlying conditions. Children with intellectual disability may exhibit tantrums when their developmental age is comparable to 3 to 4 years.
