Normal sounds
Added Sounds
- Diminished - Stridor - Wheezes: are continuous musical polyphonic sound, heard louder on expiration & can be heard on inspiration which may imply severe airway narrowing. It indicates airway obstruction. - Ronchi
- Crackles: interrupted non-musical inspiratory sound - Crackles may be early, late or pan-inspiratory. - Fine, coarse or medium.
- Pleural Friction Rub
Vocal resonance
It’s the ability to transmit sounds.
Ask patients to say 44 (Arabic) or 99 (English)
Bronchophony Consolidation
Pectoriloqny Massive consolidation
Egophony Upper area of hydrothorax