Causes:
- myocardial infarction.
- anaphylactic shock.
- …..anaesthetic agents….etc.
Clinical picture:
- unconciousness.
- pallor of the skin.
- Absence of arterial pulse (radial and carotid). Try to listen to heart sounds.
- lack of bleeding from a surgical wound.
- pupill will be dilated (late).
Treatment:
**cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed immediately as brain death will occur if oxygen is cut off for 3 minutes:
- Positioning of the patient to help venous return.
- start external cardiac massage.
- Artificial respiration…..
- Adrenaline intracardiac (why?) - beta-1 effect