Anal Abscess
An anorectal abscess originates from an infection arising in the cryptoglandular epithelium lining the anal canal
Anorectal abscesses are classified into:
- Perinal (most common type)
- Ischiorectal
- Intersphincteric
- Supralevator
Etiology:
-
Anal crypt gland infection (aerobic and anaerobic bacteria)
-
Others (10%):
- Crohn disease,
- Trauma,
- Immunodeficiency (HIV infection, malignancy)
- Tuberculosis,
- Hidradenitis suppurativa,
- Sexually transmitted diseases
- Radiation therapy
- Foreign bodies
- Perforated diverticular disease,, or appendicitis
Symptoms:
- Pain (Perianal)
- Swelling
- Discharge
- Constipation
- Inflammatory symptoms (Fever, Chills, malaise)
- Inflammatory signs
- Tender DRE
Diagnosis:
- Clinically
- Trans-perineal ultrasonography
- Radiology (CT/MRI)
- Others (Colonoscope)
Management:
- I&D, packing, dressing
- Antibiotics
Complications of anorectal abscesses:
- Fistula formation (30-60%)
- Bacteremia and sepsis
- Fecal incontinence