Balance System The balance system integrates three main inputs:

  1. Visual
  2. Proprioceptive
  3. Vestibular

Vestibular System

  • Semicircular Canals: Detect angular movements via hair cells and the gelatinous cupula.
    (hair cell ►gelatinous cupula ► sheared (angular movements ) ►vestibular nerve .)

  • Utricle and Saccule: Detect linear acceleration and gravity via hair cells and the otoconial membrane.
    (= hair cell ► otoconial membrane (macula) ► (linear acceleration & pull of the gravity) ► vestibular nerve )

Major Connections of the Vestibular System

  • Spinal cord
  • Cerebellum
  • External ocular muscles