Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder, usually caused by a bacterial infection. It’s a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that is very common, particularly in women.
Causes
Most cases of cystitis are caused by bacteria (usually E. coli) that live in the bowel. These bacteria can enter the urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body) and travel up to the bladder. This can happen during:
- Sex
- Wiping your bottom from back to front after using the toilet
- Inserting a urinary catheter (a tube used to drain the bladder)
- Using a diaphragm or spermicides for contraception
Symptoms
- A need to urinate frequently
- Pain or a burning sensation when urinating
- Passing small amounts of urine
- Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
- Blood in the urine (hematuria)
- Discomfort in the lower abdomen
- Feeling generally unwell, achy, or tired
Diagnosis
Cystitis is usually diagnosed based on your symptoms and a urine test to check for infection.
Treatment
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Mild cases often clear up within a few days by drinking plenty of fluids and taking over-the-counter painkillers.
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Antibiotics: Your doctor may prescribe a short course of antibiotics if your symptoms are severe or don’t improve.
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Prevention: There are things you can do to help prevent cystitis, including drinking plenty of fluids, urinating after sex, and avoiding perfumed bubble baths.
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Cystitis prevention methods
When to see a doctor
See your doctor if:
- Your symptoms don’t improve after a few days.
- You get cystitis regularly.
- You have severe symptoms, such as blood in your urine, fever, or back pain.
- You’re pregnant and have symptoms of cystitis.
- You’re a man and have symptoms of cystitis.
- Your child has symptoms of cystitis.
Cystitis can be uncomfortable, but it’s usually easily treated.