- Na level is less than 135 meq/L
Symptoms
- Lethargy, weakness, seizures, headache, nausea, vomiting, hyporeflexia, disorientation, confusion
Correction
-
Replace half of the deficit of fluid and electrolyte over 8 hours and the remaining over 16 hours.
-
The goal of the therapy is not to increase the Na+ level by more than 10–20 mEq/L (8 mmol/LZ) in 24 hours to avoid cerebral edema.
Cerebral edema is caused due to the influx of water into the intracellular space resulting in cellular swelling (movement of water into brain cells).
Hyponatremic Dehydration Causes
-
Iatrogenic
- Intravenous fluid administration (hypotonic solution)
- Diuretics
- Diluted formula feed
- Desmopressin
-
SIADH
- CNS infections
- Head injury
-
Extrarenal sodium loss
- Gastroenteritis
- Skin (sweating, burns)
-
Renal sodium loss*
- Interstitial nephritis
- CSW
-
Others
- Nephrotic syndrome
- DKA
- Psychogenic polydipsia
