- Testicular tumors most commonly occur in men between 20 and 35 years of age, and are the most common solid malignancy in this group.
Diagnosis is made primarily based on palpation and findings on testicular ultrasound.
Clinical presentation:
- Most often, patients present with a painless nodule or swelling of the testis.
- Negative transillumination test.
Ultrasound:
- Seminomas:Â hypoechoic, homogenous, sharp margins
- Nonseminomas: Variable echogenicity , inhomogenous , may be calcified or cystic
- Testicular Microlithiasis: disseminated calcification as a possible precursor of carcinoma (starry sky appearance).
High-resolution abdominopelvic and chest CT:
- To assess retroperitoneal (e.g. Para-aortocaval) and mediastinal lymph nodes.
Cranial CT or MRI
- if distant metastasis to the brain is suspected