Thera
Primary (essential) hypertension:
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Multifactorial etiology including epigenetic, genetic, and environmental factors
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Directly related to total peripheral resistance and cardiac output
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Risk factors for primary hypertension Non-modifiable risk factors - Positive family history - Race and ethnicity - Advanced age
Modifiable risk factors - Overweight and obesity (greatest modifiable risk factor) - Uncontrolled diabetes - Smoking - Excessive alcohol intake - Diet high in sodium and low in potassium - Physical inactivity - Psychological stress
- Genetic background with multifactorial inheritance. Family history of cardiovascular disease . hypertension is more common in some families and in some ethnic groups like Africans, Americans.
- Environmental factors: include obesity, alcohol, lack of exercise (Sedentary life style)and , cigarette smokers (Adds 20/10 mmHg). excess salt intake.
- Stress.
- Sex: more in males(2:1) and postmenopausal women .
- Others :High cholesterol diet, Co-existing disorders such as diabetes and hyperlipidaemia