It affects capillaries of retina, renal glomeruli, and peripheral nerves.
1- Diabetic retinopathy
2- Diabetic Nephropathy
3- Diabetic Neuropathy
Reason:
long standing hyperglycaemia.
Pathogenesis:
Microvasculature (capillaries) shows both:
- structural abnormalities due to: A- Hyperglycemia ⇒ inability to metabolize glucose within pericytes ⇒ osmotic damage with increase permeability.
B- Glycosylation (i.e. binding of glucose to wall of blood vessels).
- functional abnormalities: A- Increased capillary permeability ⇒ Retinal exudates, Increased urinary loss of albumin .
B- Disturbed platelet function with tendency to aggregate and thrombosis