They are not cells & having no metabolic machinery of their own, they are obligate intracellular parasites ,i.e they have to use the metabolic process of the host cell which they enter & infect.

DNA & RNA viruses

DNA Viruses:

  • Poliovirus
  • Rhinovirus
  • Mumps, measles
  • Yellow fever
  • Dengue fever
  • Influenza
  • HIV

RNA Viruses:

  • Papilloma
  • Zoster
  • Adenovirus
  • Epstein-Barr
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Herpes simplex

Types of Virus:

  • DAN viruses usually enter the host cell nucleus & direct the generation of new viruses.

  • RNA viruses direct the generation of new viruses ,usually without involving the host cell nucleus (the “flu “ virus is an exception in that it does involve the host cell nucleus)

  • RNA retroviruses (e.g., AIDS virus ,T cell leukemia virus) contain an enzyme , reverse transcriptase , which integrates into host DNA and makes a DNA copy of the viral RNA (produces viral DNA from RNA). This copy is integrated into the host cell genome & direct the generation of new virus particles.