Chronic Visual Loss

Table of Contents

• Chronic Visual Loss
  • Causes of Slowly Progressive Visual Loss in an Adult Patient
  • Glaucoma
    • Types of Glaucoma
  • Cataract
    • Causes of Cataract
  • Macular Degeneration
    • Macula Lutea
      • Layers of the Retina
    • Risk Factors for Macular Degeneration
    • Types of Macular Degeneration
    • Tests for Macular Function
  • Sensory Retina
  • Image Description
  • American Academy of Ophthalmology

Chronic Visual Loss

Waleed Alrashed

Chronic Visual Loss

1. Measure intraocular pressure with a tonometer - bilateral; to exclude OAG
2. Evaluate the nerve head - cupping
3. Evaluate the clarity of the lens - cataract
4. Evaluate the function and appearance of the macula - …
5. Do refraction (or VA with pinhole)

Causes of Slowly Progressive Visual Loss in an Adult Patient

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1. Glaucoma
2. Cataract
3. Macular degeneration
4. Diabetic retinopathy
5. Keratoconus
6. Refractive errors (children and young adults)

Macular Degenerationx

Risk Factors for Macular Degeneration

• Age
• Race
• Gender - female
• Genetics
• Smoking
• High Blood Pressure
• High Cholesterol
• Unhealthy diet and Obesity
• Ultraviolet (UV)

Types of Macular Degeneration

• Dry type: slow progressive atrophy of RPE and photoreceptors; retenal regment epith
• Wet type: RPE detachment and choroidal neovascularization

Tests for Macular Function

• Visual Acuity
• Ophthalmoscopy
• Amsler grid
• OCT
• Fluorescein angiography

Sensory Retina

• Choroidal neovascularization