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The respiratory tract extends from the nose to the alveoli and includes not only the air-conducting passages also but the blood supply
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The primary purpose of the respiratory system is gas exchange.
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The respiratory system is divided into two parts: the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract.
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The Upper Respiratory Tract
- The nose
- Pharynx
- Adenoids
- Tonsils
- Epiglottis
- Larynx
- Trachea.
The lower respiratory tract
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveolar ducts
- Alveoli
- With the exception of the right and left main-stem bronchi, all lower airway structures are contained within the lungs.
Physiology of Respiration
Ventilation: ventilation involves inspiration (movement of air into the lungs) and expiration (movement of air out of the lungs).
Contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscle - Increases chest dimensions, thereby decreasing intrathoracic pressure - Gas flows from an area of higher pressure (atmospheric) to one of lower pressure (intrathoracic)