Exenatide is a synthetic GLP-1 analog; liraglutide is longer acting analog and more resistant to metabolism by DPP IV.
Therapeutic Uses:
- Type 2 DM either alone or in combination with oral drugs. (should not be given with insulin).
- They are given parenterally (s.c.) 60 min before breakfast and dinner.
Major adverse effects:
nausea, vomiting, and pancreatitis (may be serious).
Mechanism of action:
Augmentation of insulin after oral glucose .
glucagon like peptide-1, which is released from L cells in the distal small bowel
- Cross BBB - Increase satiety, decrease food intake
- Stomach - Decreased Gastric Motility
- Pancreas - Antagonistic effect of increasing insulin and decreasing glucagon secretion
- Liver & Peripheral Tissue - Decrease Endogenous postprandial glucose production in liver and increase insulin action in peripheral
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