X Hematuria refers to the presence of blood in the urine.
Types of Hematuria
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Gross Hematuria: The blood is visible to the naked eye, making the urine appear pink, red, or brownish-red.
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Gross Hematuria
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Microscopic Hematuria: The blood is only detectable under a microscope during a urine test.
Causes
Hematuria can stem from various conditions affecting the urinary tract, including:
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Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): A common cause, especially in women.
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Kidney Stones: Hard deposits in the kidneys can cause bleeding.
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Kidney Stones
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Kidney Disease: Inflammation or damage to the kidneys.
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Bladder or Kidney Cancer: A serious but less common cause.
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Enlarged Prostate (in men): An enlarged prostate gland can press on the urethra, causing bleeding.
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Blood Disorders: Certain blood disorders affect clotting and can lead to hematuria.
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Injury: Trauma to the kidneys or bladder.
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Strenuous Exercise: In rare cases, intense exercise can trigger hematuria.
Symptoms
- Pink, red, or brown urine (in gross hematuria)
- Sometimes, no signs are visible (in microscopic hematuria)
- Painful urination (may indicate an infection)
- Frequent urination
- Urgent need to urinate
- Blood clots in the urine (which can be painful)
Diagnosis
If you suspect hematuria, see a doctor. They will likely:
- Medical history: Discuss your symptoms and potential risk factors
- Urine test: Confirms the presence of blood and may show signs of infection.
- Imaging tests: Ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI may be used to visualize the kidneys, bladder, or other parts of the urinary tract.
- Cystoscopy: If indicated, a thin tube with a camera examines the inside of the bladder and urethra.
Treatment
Treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the hematuria. Possibilities include:
- Antibiotics for UTIs
- Medications or procedures to address kidney stones
- Treatment for the underlying cause in the case of kidney disease, cancer, or blood disorders.