neutropenia

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• Neutropenia is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of neutrophils in blood.

• Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that plays a vital role in immune system, helping body fight off infections caused by bacteria and fungi.

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  Neutrophils (white blood cell)

Causes of neutropenia

Neutropenia can be caused by various factors, including:

• Cancer treatments: Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can damage the bone marrow, where neutrophils are produced.
• Bone marrow disorders: Aplastic anemia, leukemia, and other diseases that affect the bone marrow can lead to decreased neutrophil production.
• Infections: Viral infections like HIV, hepatitis, and mononucleosis can temporarily suppress neutrophil production.
• Medications: Certain medications, such as antibiotics and immunosuppressants, can interfere with neutrophil production.
• Autoimmune disorders: Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus can cause the body to attack and destroy its own neutrophils.
• Congenital neutropenia: This is a rare, inherited form of neutropenia.

Symptoms of neutropenia

Neutropenia itself often doesn’t cause noticeable symptoms. However, people with neutropenia are at a significantly increased risk of infections. Signs and symptoms of infection that may occur include:

• Fever (temperature of 100.5°F or higher)
• Chills
• Sweating
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Mouth sores
• Skin redness or swelling
• Unusual fatigue

Diagnosis of neutropenia

• Neutropenia is diagnosed through a blood test called a complete blood count (CBC). This test measures the number of different types of blood cells, including neutrophils.
• To identify the underlying cause, your doctor may recommend additional tests like bone marrow biopsy or genetic testing.

Treatment of neutropenia

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity of neutropenia:

• Medications: Growth factors (G-CSF) can stimulate the bone marrow to produce more neutrophils. Antibiotics may be prescribed if you have an existing infection.
• Treating the underlying cause: Specific treatments will depend on the condition causing the neutropenia.
• Lifestyle precautions: People with neutropenia should take additional precautions to prevent infections, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding close contact with sick people.