HEPATITIS
DR WAQAR
What is Hepatitis?
Hepatitis means inflammation of the hepatocytes (liver cells). There are many causes of hepatitis, including:
- Viruses: This is the most common cause of hepatitis.
- Drugs: Medications like Panadol and INH can cause hepatitis.
- Ischemia of liver: Reduced blood flow to the liver (ischemic hepatitis).
- Autoimmune Hepatitis: The body’s immune system attacks the liver. Treatment is typically with steroids.
- Alcohol: Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to alcoholic hepatitis.
VIRAL HEPATITIS
Common Types
Uncommon Types
- Epstein Barr virus (EBV)
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Other rare viruses
Acute vs. Chronic Hepatitis
- Acute Hepatitis: Duration of the disease is less than 6 months.
- Chronic Hepatitis: Duration is more than 6 months (clinical symptoms or abnormal blood tests).
Important Notes:
- Hepatitis A causes only acute hepatitis.
- Hepatitis B, C, D, and E can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis.
- Chronic hepatitis B and C are the main causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatic cancer.
How to Remember Hepatitis B and C Treatment
Hepatitis B Treatment: IET
- Interferon
- Entecavir
- Tenofovir (I Eat Tamar)
Hepatitis C Treatment: RSLI
- Ribavirin
- Sofosbuvir/Simeprevir
- Ledipasvir (RaSuL) + Interferon (IFN)
Important Notes:
- A combination of drugs is given.
- The aim is to achieve a sustained viral response (SVR), meaning the patient is free of Hep C for a long time or forever.
- Never give a single drug alone.