A) Acute Ischemia

  • Acute Pain: embolism from heart, aneurysms
  • Acute on chronic pain: Thrombosis in atherosclerotic Main symptoms - 5P’s: Pain, Pallor, Pulseless, parathesia; numbness, paralysis ⇒ necrosis

B) Chronic Ischemia

  • Intermittent claudication: pain/cramping when there is movement, at rest it disappears - its due to inadequate blood supply to the muscles - (in some cases Rest pain can happen:  constant pain that occurs in the foot,  relieved by dependency Criteria:
    1. Pain in a muscle usually the calf (Muscles of thigh, buttocks or arm may also be affected)
    2. Pain develops only after muscle use
    3. Pain disappears with rest
Other presentations: Lower Limb ischemia

Finger/Toes discoloration - ischemia, and Ranuad’s phenomenon; due change of temperature or emotional events

  • Ulceration
  • Pulsatile mass
  • Gangrene; brownish/black tissue; dead - no sensation & cold