This form of gastritis is usually due to drugs as aspirin and NSAIDs.
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Aspirin inhibits the synthesis of the protective prostaglandin E2 and F2a leading to increased acid secretion and decreased formation of the protective mucosal layer and hence gastritis and acute mucosal erosions. The condition may be chronic due to chronic or recurrent use of these drugs e.g. in patients with osteoarthritis.
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Alcohol may also lead to damage of the mucosal protective layer and gastric erosions.
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Stress gastritis may occur in stressful situations where there is major physical trauma as in acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular strokes.
Clinical picture:
- Epigastric pain
- Dyspepsia
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
Investigations:
Upper endoscopy confirms the diagnosis and is mandatory in any patient having hematemesis.
Treatment: (see also treatment of peptic ulcer)
Prophylaxis with gastroprotective treatment in critically - ill patients ( e.g. ICU patients ) should be initiated if aspirin and NSAID had to be given .