Amino Penicillins - Broad -SPECTRUM PENICILLINS
The amino group tricks the bacterial cell wall and lets the drug in Spectrum Like Pen-G with the addition of G-ve: Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, H.Influenza
- Cons: Beta Lactamase susceptible, Cause superinfection
How do we solve this problem?
| Beta Lactamase | Superinfection |
|---|---|
| - Add calvulinic acid which even extend the spectrum even more. - Hepatotoxic - Drug name: Augmentin | Usage of prodrugs piva,tala,paca Higher levels in blood and tissues |
Comparison between Ampicillin and Amoxicillin:
| - Ampicillin | - Amoxicillin | |
|---|---|---|
| - Absorption | - âś“ | - âś“âś“ |
| - Distribution | - âś“ | - âś“âś“ |
| - Diarrhea side effects | - +++ | - + |
| - Spectrum | - Shigella, H.Infeluenza | - Salmonella, Strept.Facialis |
Though the antistaphylococcal penicillins improve on the gram-positive coverage of natural penicillins, they do not add to their gram-negative coverage. Aminopenicillins are more water soluble and pass through porin channels in the cell wall of some gram-negative organisms.
However, they are susceptible to beta-lactamases, and resistance to them is common. Aminopenicillins are rarely active against staphylococci, because these almost always produce penicillinases. These drugs also do not have useful activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Their spectrum like penicillin G plus gram negative bacteria e.g. H. influenza, Salmonella, Proteus, and Shigella. They are B-lactamase susceptible
- They can be given orally (acid resistant) and by injection (IM and IV). They include