Risk Factors
- Prolonged intubation
- Size of the tube, material
- Care of intubated patient
- High-pressure cuffs tube
- Difficult intubations
- Multiple intubations
- GERD
- Tracheobronchial infection
Pathophysiology
- Laryngeal ➔ granulation tissue ➔ ulceration ➔ perichondritis ➔ subglottic stenosis
Treatment
- Grade I & II: Observation, balloon dilation, laser excision
- Grade III & IV: Tracheostomy, laryngotracheal reconstruction, cricotracheal resection